Process and culture media for producing new penicillins



Patented Aug. 16, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS AND CULTURE MEDIA FOR PRODUCING NEW PENICILLINS V Otto K. Behrens, Joseph W. Corse, Reuben G. Jones, and Quentin F. Soper, Indianapolisjnd assignors to Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application March 8, 1946,

' Serial No. 653,138

3 Claims. (Cl. 195-36) This invention relates to antibiotic compounds and is directed to novel penicillins and to processes of producing them.

There are certain known penicillins comprising a group of chemically related compounds which, under suitable conditions of growth, are produced as metabolic products by a penicillin-producing mold. The complete molecular structures of these compounds have not been definitely established but suflicient elucidation of structure has been accomplished to allow the assignment to them of the following empirical formula:

duce a novel penicillin, by incorporating in the nutrient medium wherein the mold is grown, a selected organic compound, called herein a precursor compound. Such selected precursor compound, although foreign to the normal metabolic requirements of the mold, may be metabolized and incorporated in substantial part in the molecule of a novel penicillin. This result is especially surprising in view of the recognized specificity of the enzyme systems whereby lower organisms maintain growth and development. It is further surprising that use of a selected precursor compound may lead to the production of a novel penicillin to the substantial exclusion of the known and normally-produced penicillins.

Thus, by this invention there are provided not only methods of producing novel penicillins without substantial concomitant production of known and normally-produced penicillins, but also there are provided methods of producing novel penicillins which incorporate substantial portions of selected precursor compounds.

In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there are provided-novel penicillins. In accordance with another aspect; there are provided methods of obtaining novel penicillins by a fermentative process which comprises growing a penicillin-producing mold in a nutrient medium in the presence of a selected precursor compound in substantial part' in the molecule of a novel penicillin.

The present invention in its composition aspect contemplates novel products of fermentative processes which comprise growing a penicillinproducing mold in association with a culture medium containing nutrient material and a selected precursor compound, said product as produced consisting essentially of a penicillin represented by the formula 9 wherein R represents an aliphatic radical other than the .butene-l-yl, butene-z-yl, n-butyl and n-hexyl radicals; a carbocyclic-including radical other than the phenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl radicals; or a heterocyclic-including radical. Thus, the aliphatic radicals which R may represent include straight-chain, branched-chain, saturated, and unsaturated radicals, illustrative examples of which are n -nonenyl, allyl and tertiary butyl radicals. Additional aliphatic radicals which R may represent are those which contain as a member of the chain an interrupting group such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and the like, for

example the allyloxy and ethylmercapto radicals.

The carbocyclic-including radicals which R may represent include fully saturated and partially or completely unsaturated carbocyclic nuclei. illustrative examples of which are the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthy1, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexenyl radicals. 'Additional carbocyclic-including radicals which B may represent are those wherein cals falling within the ambit of this invention arev the vinyl,.ethoxy, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, 2,4- dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, m-bromophenyl, o-bromophenyl, p-bromophenyl, m-chlorophenyl, o-chlorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, m-fiuorophenyl. o-fluorophenyl, p-fiuorophenyl, p-iowhich the mold may metabolize and incorporate dophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, p-chlorophenoxy, m-nitrophenyl, o-nltrophenyl, 3-chloro-4-bromophenyl, m-tritluoromethylphenyl, m-trifluoromethylphenoxy, p-tolyl, o-methylphenyl, m-methylphenyl, phenylmercapto, p-methylmercaptophenyl, phenylseleno. o-methoxyphenyl, m-methoxyphenyl, o-methylphenoxy. p-methoxyphenoxy, pcyanophenyl, styryl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, fl-phenylbutyryl, p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenyl, 'p-naphthyl, p-naphthoxy, l-bromo-z-naphthyl, 6-bromo-2-naphthyl, 2-chloro-3-naphthyl, 6-fluoro-2- naphthyl, l-nitro-2-naphthyl, fl-naphthylmercapto, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, p-phenoxyphenyl, p-isopropylphenyl and p-benzyloxyphenyl radicals.

For convenience, the new p'enicillins are named by reference to the particular R radical contained therein. Thus. for example, a penicillin wherein the R of the next preceding formula is the z-thienyl radical is named .l-thienyl-penicillin.

In accordance with the method aspect of this invention, methods are provided whereby novel penicillins are produced by growing a penicillinproducing mold in a culture medium containing nutrient material and a selected precursor compound which the mold may metabolize and incorporate in substantial part in the molecule of a novel penicillin. Precursor compounds useful for the purposes of this invention comprise monosubstituted acetic acids represented by the for= mula MHZCQOH wherein R represents an aliphatic radical other than the butene-l-yl, butene-Z-yl, n-butyl and nhexyl radicals; a carbocyclicdncluding radical other than the phenyl and p-hydroxyphenyl radicals; or a heterocyclic-including radical. In place of the monosubstituted acetic acids represented by the formula hereinabove there may be used equivalents of such acetic acids, said equivalents comprising those compounds readily converted by the mold to the monosubstituted acetic acids. Such equivalents include simple derivatives of the acids such as their salts, esters, amides and anhydrides. as well as w-substituted, saturated straight chain alcohols, amines, aldehydes and acids containing an even number of carbon atoms, and the simple derivatives thereof, all of which the mold may convert to the monosubstituted acetic acids. Examples of equivalents includ sodium p-naphthylacetate, N-(z-thienyll-acetylyaline, fi-p-tolylethanol, N-(Z-hydroxyethyD-y- (p bromophenyl) butyramide, p chloropropionaldehyde diethylacetal, p-methoxyphenethylamine hydrochloride and ethyl vinylacetate.

Broadly speaking, a method of producing a novel penicillin in accordance with this invention is as follows: There is provided a nutrient medium suitable for the growth of a penicillin-producing mold. To the nutrient medium is added in effective amount a precursor compound comprising a monosubstituted acetic acid or its equivalent. The culture medium composition comprising nutrient material and precursor compound is inmulated with a penicillin-producing mold and the mold is grown under penicillin-producing conditions, during which growth a new penicillin is produced by the mold as a metabolic product. After mold growth the mold mycelium is separated from the culture medium, and from the latter the novel penicillin is separated.

The isolation or the new penicillin may be effected by methods known to the art, such as adsorption and extraction to obtain a product sufficiently pure for practical purposes. It a purer 4 product is desired, the new penicillin may be sub- Jectedto additional methods of purification such as partition chromatography. elution and recrystallization as indicated in the illustrative examples to follow.

The novel penicillin desirably is recovered in the form of one of its salts, for example the sodium salt. Identification of the novel penicillin may be confirmed by methods known to the art. such methods comprising analysis, spectroscopic :bsfigrption, X-ray diffraction and antibacterial The nutrient material used in the composition wherein the mold is grown may comprise ingredients such as water, sugars, inorganic salts and desirably one or more indeterminate compositions such as corn steep amino acids and bran. Numerous suitable nutrient media comprising materials of the type mentioned are known to the ar During the growth of the mold the culture medium comprising nutrient material and pre-' cursor compound is maintained at a suitable temperature, for example, in the range of 20-30" C. The range of temperature which has been found to be particularly suitable is from 24-26 C. The period of time during which the mold is grown will depend upon the objective desired. Thus the mold may be grown only during the period of its maximum rate of growth before mold growth is interrupted preary to isolating the new penicillin. Such a period generally is from 2 to 3 days. On the other hand, the mold may be grown for a longer period of time to obtain the maximum yield of new penicillin. In such a case, mold growth is usually continued for about five days.

The mold may be grown under various condi- Alternatively the culture medium may be agitated by shaking or stirringduring the growth of the mold in which case the mold is dispersed throughout the culture medium and grows while so dispersed.

The molds suitable ifor the purposes of this invention are mold organisms of the type capable of producing penicillins. Such organisms include molds of the-Peni'cillium notatum-chrysogenum group as wellas certain molds of the Aspergillus group. It is to be understood that not all mold strains are equally efllcient for the purposes of this invention. By way of example, mold strains suitable for. the," purposes of this invention are those known as strains X1612 and Q-176 of the Penicillium notatum-chrysogenum group and strain G147 0f the Aspergillus flavus group.

The concentration of the precursor compounds employed in the culture medium may vary over a substantial range. The precursor compounds may be present in the culture medium in concentrations to the order of about 1 percent, but it is usually desirable that smaller concentrations be employed since there is no particular advantage to be gained in employing concentrations in substantiai excess or those necessary to produce the optimum effect. It appears at present that the optimum concentration of the monosubstituted acetic acids and derivatives thereof lies in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.05 percent on a weight volume basis when mold strain X1612 is used, and that this optimum concentration may range upwardly when mold strain 62-176 is used.

The precursor compound may be associated 5. with the mold and culture medium at any suitable time. Thus the materials of the nutrient medium may be inoculated with the mold and the precursor compound to be employed may be incorporated either before or after inoculation of the culture medium with the mold.

The molecular structures or the precursor compounds have an important effect in determining what portions of the precursor molecules will be incorporated in the new penicillin. Thus for example, p-bromophenylacetic acid, -pbromophenethanol, butyric acid when incorporated in culture media wherein the mold is grown. will each lead to the production of the some new penicillin, namely, p-bromophenyl-penicillin. 0n the other hand, it has been observed that certain molecular structures not only fail to produce a new penicillin but have no apparent efiect upon the metabolism of the mold when employed in the preferred con-' centrations. propionic acid represents a compound which in association with nutrient material fails to stimulate the production of a novel penicillin.

The following explanation is oflered as to what occurs in the practice of the method of producing new penicillins as herein disclosed, it being understood that such explanation is not to be construed as in any way affecting the scope of the invention. It appears that the results obtained can be attributed in part at least to an oxidation efiected by the mold, and in particular cases, to a degradationwhich is analogous to fi-oxidation if indeed it is not actually p-oxidation. Thus, it is believed that -fi-p-bromophenethanol is enzymatically oxidized by the mold to p-bromophenylacetic acid, the latter being the operative precursor compound. It is believed that 'y-(pbromophenyD-butyric acid undergoes a. degradation of the aliphatic chain portion of its molecule which degradation is akin to fl-oxidation, whereby it is converted to p-bromophenylacetic acid which, as noted above, is utilized by the mold and incorporated in the new penicillin. 0n

the other hand, degradation of p-(p-bromophenyl) -propionic acid by a process of p-degradation will not result in the formation of a substituted acetic acid, but instead will form a substituted benzoic acid, namely p-bromobenzoic acid. Ac-

cording to this concept, it is only monosubstituted acetic acids which can be utilized by the mold,

and the degradation product of p-bromophenylpropionic acid, not being a mono-substituted acetic acid but rather a benzoic acid. can have no efiect in producing a new penicillin. Further substantiating this view is the result obtained with p-phenyl-Ap-dimethyl propionic acid whose use as a precursor compound will lead to the formation of ,a-dimethylbenzylpenicillin.

' According to the. present concept, the presence of both the methyl and phenyl groups on the carbon atom renders the molecule incapable of a fi-degradation, and accordingly the compound represents an acetic acid which is monosubsti tuted with an a,a-dimethylbenzyl radical, and is utilized as such. The presence of other groups such as unsaturated groups, or interrupting atoms such as sulfur or oxygen, likewise may pre- .vent the degradation of a carbon chain. Thus for example, p-tolymercaptoacetic acid which is analogous to p- (p-methylphenyl) -propionic acid except that in the aliphatic carbon chain a CH2- groupis replaced by an S- group is not degraded to the benzoic acid, but is utilized as such, and leads to the formation of p-tolylmercapto-penicillin.

and 'y- (p-bromophenyl) ,The present application is directed to novel culture media and the production of new penicillins by a method which comprises growing a penicillin-producing mold in a culture medium containing nutrient material and a relatively small amount of a precursor compound represented by the formula in which R represents a monocyclic radical having a five-membered sulfur-containing ring, n represents an odd integer from 1 to 5 inclusive and X represents a radical or the class or carboxy, carboxy-ester, carboxy-salt, carboxyamlde carbinol, carbinylamine and aldehyde.

Illustratively, p- (p-bromophenyl) Subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein, is disclosed and claimed in copending applications Serial Nos. 653,136, 653,137, 773,488, 773,489 and 773,490. Applications Serial Nos. 773,488, 773,489, and 773,490 are abandoned.

The following specific examples further illustrate the practice of this invention.

Example 1 The sodium saltof p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin represented by the formula:

ca ocmmmioism may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose 2 Corn steep solids g Calcium carbonate g.. N-(2 hydroxyethyl) p methoxyphenylacetamide E Water or 5,000

acetate layer is separated and extracted with three successive 100 cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/l0 sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.0 to 7.3 is attained in the aque-' ous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted successively with three .100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, and are passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and 250 mm. long and containing a pH 6.2 phosphate bufler.

5 The silica column is developed by percolation with six cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1, 1 /2, 2, 2 /2,,and 3 percent.

The developed silica column is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three.30 cc. portionsfof M/l5 phosphate bufler of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically to determine their penicillin content. 79 percent oi. the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates iii a single The flasks are maintained at a 7 band in the silica column and results from the presence of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin. This band occupies a position similar to that in which -penicillin G is found in comparable columns.

Those eluates representing the sections of the silica column comprising this major, uniform band, are combined, cooled to about 0.. acidified to about pH 2.2 and extracted with three 50 cc. portions of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts are passed through a silica adsorption column containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. This silica column is developed by percolation with three 150 cc. portions of chloroform containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay shows that 92 percent of the total antibiotic acitivity originates in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silica column sections which comprise this band are combined, cooled to about 0 0., acidified to about pH 2.2 and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted with about 75 cc. of a cold, dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to which N/10 sodium hydroxide is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is attained in the aqueous phase. From the aqueous solution, the sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin may be separated by any suitable means, for example, by freezing and evaporation in 'vacuo from the frozen state.

The dry amorphous sodium salt of 'p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin is triturated with 1 cc. of acetone in which it almost completely dissolves but from which upon standing, it precipitates in crystalline form. The mixture is centrifuged and the sodium salt is washed with 5 cc. of absolute acetone. The sodium salt is obtained in purified form by solution in 1 cc. of 90 percent aqueous acetone and reprecipitation by the addition of 4 cc. of absoluteacetone.

The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin strain 209P and B. subtz'lz's strain N. R. R. L.

3-558 gave a value of about 0.82. The optical rotation was found to be as a 0.3 percent solution in water. Analysis showed the presence of 52.51 percent carbon, 4.09 percent hydrogen and 7.20 percent nitrogen as compared with-the calculated values of 52.86 percent carbon, 4.92 percent hydrogen and 7.25 percent nitrogen. A methoxyl determination gave I Example 2 f I'he sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin may also be prepared in the following manner:

,A culture medium. may be prepared in the following proportions;

The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc.

compared with a calculated value' I 8 Portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized, inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain X1612, and stoppered with cotton plugs. The flasks are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and shaken constantly for live days. The flask contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium. The p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin' present in the filtrate may be isolated and purified according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin thus prepared possesses the same characteristics and is identical with the p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin sodium salt prepared according to the procedure given in Example 1.

Example 3 The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin may also be prepared by growing Penicillium mold, strain X1612, in a culture medium of the following composition:

The mold is grown in the culture medium and the p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin is isolated and purified according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin thus obtained is identical with the p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin sod um salt obtained by the procedure described in Example 1.

Example 4 The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin may also be prepared in the following manner.

A culture medium is prepared as shown in Example 3 except that in place of the 0.77 g. of ethyl p-methoxyphenylacetate there is employed 2.5 g. of p-methoxyphenylethylamine. The cul. ture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter flasks, sterilized, and inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain X1612. The growth of the mold and isolation and purification of the p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin are carried out according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The sodium salt of p-methoxyphenyl-penicillin thus obtained is identical with that obtained by the procedure described in Example 1.

Example 5 The sodium salt of a-thienyl-penicillin represented by the formula HC-CH m i H3-CroHnN: O4SNa may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium maybe prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose g 125 Corn steep solids ..-g..- 100 Calcium carbonate g 10 N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -c-thienyl-acetamide g 0.72 Water or 5,000

The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized, inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain N. R. R. L. 1976, and stoppered with 9 cotton plugs. The flasks are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and shaken constantly for five days. The flask contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium, the filtrate cooled to about C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and shaken with about one half its volumeof amyl acetate. The amyl acetate layer is separated and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/ sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1-to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, dried over magnesium sulfate and are then passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and 300 mm. long, and containing a pH 6.2 phosphate builer. The silica column is developed by percolation with six 100 cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of Va, 1, 1%, 2, 2 /2, and 3 percent.

The developed silica column is' divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically to determine their penicillin content. 91 per cent of the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates in a single band in the silica column and results from the presence of -thienyl-penicillin. This band occupies a. position similar to that in which penicillin G is found in comparable columns. The eluates obtained from the silica gel sections which make up this uniform band are combined,

cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 50 cc. portions of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts are then passed through a silica adsorption column containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. This silica gel column is developed by percolation with three 100 cc. portions of chloroform containing successivelyincreasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay of the eluates shows 95 percent of the total antibiotic activity concentrated in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silicacolumn sections which sodium hydroxide to which N/ 10 sodium hydroxide solution is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase. From this aqueous solution the sodium salt of a-thienyl-penicillin may be isolated by any suitable means, for example, by freezing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen state.

The resulting dry sodium salt of the a-thienylpenicillin is washed several times with anhydrous acetone. The sodium salt is then crystallized by dissolving it in 2 cc. of 90 percent acetone and reprecipitating it with 2 cc. of anhydrous acetone. 213 mg. of the sodium salt of a-thienylpenicillin is obtained.

The sodium salt of u-thienyl-penicillin preabout 1685 Oxford units per mg. when tested against Staph. aureus strain 209P. A difierential assay carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. B-558, gave a value of about 1.13. The optical rotation was found to be as a 0.3 percent solution in water. Analysis showed the presence oi 46.46 percent carbon, 3.81 percent hydrogen, 7.40 percent nitrogen and 17.18 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values of 46.40 percent carbon. 4.17 percent hydrogen, 7.73 percent nitrogen and 17.69 percent sulfur.

Example 6 The sodium salt of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin represented by the formula oxQ-m-mmosm may be prepared in the following manner:

The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks. .sterilized,

inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain N. R. R. L. 1976, and stoppered with cotton plugs. The flasks are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and shaken constantly for five days. The flask contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium, the filtrate cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and shaken with an equal volume of amyl acetate. The amyl acetate layer is separated and extracted with three cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/10 sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1 to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, and are passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and 300 mm. long, and containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. The silica column is developed by percolation with six 100 cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of A, 1, 1%, 2. 2 /2, and 3 percent.

The developed silica column is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically to determine their penicillin content. About 92 percent of the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates in a single band in the silica column and results from the presence of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin. This band occupies a position similar to that in which penicillin K is found in comparable columns. The eluates obtained from the silica gel sections which make up this uniform band are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 and extracted with three50 cc. portions of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts are then passed through a silica adsorption column containing a 'pH 6.2 phosphate buifer. This silica gel column is developed by percolation with three 100 cc. portions of chloroform 5 tainin successively increasing amounts of i ahanol in the order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buifer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay of the eluates shows that about 97 percent of the total antibiotic activity originates in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silica column sections which comprise this band are combined, cooled to about 0., acidified to about pH 2.2 and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted with about 75 cc. of a cool dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to which N/ 10 sodium hydroxide solution is added during the course of th extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase. From this aqueous solution the sodium salt of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin may be separated by any suitable means, for example by freezing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen state.

The resulting dry sodium salt of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin is washed with several portions of anhydrous acetone. It is crystallized by dissolving it in 2 cc. of 90 percent aqueous acetone followed by the addition of 4 cc. of anhydrous acetone. The salt is recrystallized by dissolving it in 2 cc. of 90 percent aqueous acetone and subsequently adding 2 cc. of anhydrous acetone.

The sodium salt of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin prepared according to the above procedure assayed about 2460 Oxford units per mg. when tested against Staph. aureus, strain 209?. A differential assay carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. sabtiliarstrain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 0.73. The optical rotation was found to be as a 0.3 percent solution in water. Analysis showed-the presence of 49.08 percent carbon, 3.84 percent hydrogen, 7.30 percent nitrogen and 8.85 percent chlorine as compared with the calculated values of 49.17 percent carbon, 4.12 percent hydrogen, 7.17 percent nitrogen and 9.07 percent chlorine.

Example 7 The sodium salt of p-chlorophenyl-penicillin may also be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose g 125 Corn steep solids g.. 150 Calcium carbonate g 25 p chlorophenylacetic acid -g-- 0.67 Water or 5,000

The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized,

- inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium 12 salt obtained by the procedure described in Example 6.

- Example 8 The sodium salt of p-methylphenyl-penicillin represented by the formula moQ-mmmmsm may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose g.- 125 Corn steep solids g- 100 15 Calcium carbonate g.. 10

N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -p-methyl-phenylacetamide 0.82 Water or 5,000

The culture medium is placed in a gallon bottle equipped with a stirrer and an air inlet tube fitted with an air filter. The culturemedium is sterilized and inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold. strain X1612. The bottle contents are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and are continuously stirred for five days. Throughout this time, air is continuously passed through the air inlet tube. The mold mycelium is then removed from the aqueous culture medium by filtration and the culture medium is cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with an equal volume of amyl acetate. The amyl acetate layer is separated and extracted with three 100-cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/ sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1 to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 0., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and about 300 mm. 45 long and which contains a pH 6.2 phosphate butler. The silica column is developed by percolation with six 100 cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1.1 /2, 2. 2 /2. and 3 percent 50 The developed silica column is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. .The eluates are assayed b'acteriologically to determine their penicillin content. 100 percent of the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates in a single band in the silica column and results from the presence of p-methylphenyl-penicillin. The eluates obtained from the silica gel sections which make up this uniform band are combined. cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 50 cc. portions of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts are passed through a silica adsorption column containing a pH 6.2 phosphate bufler. The silica gel column is developed by percolation with three 100 cc. portions of chloroform containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay of the eluates shows that almost 100 percent of the total antibiotic activity or inates in a single and extracted with about 75 cc. of a cold dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to which N/ sodium hydroxide solution is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase.

From this aqueous solution the sodium'salt of p-methylphenyl-penicillin may be separated by anysuitable means, for example by freezing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen state.

The resulting amorphous, dry sodium salt of p-methylphenyl-penicillin is treated with 2 cc. of absolute acetone in which it almost completely dissolves but from which it rapidly crystallizes. The mixture is allowed to stand two hours, is centrifuged, washed with several portions of absolute acetone and then dissolved in 2 cc. of 90 percent aqueous acetone and precipitated by the addition of 4 cc. of-absol-ute acetone. The salt is recrystallized by dissolving it in about 2.6 cc. of 37 percent aqueous acetone followed by the addition of 5.7 cc. of absolute acetone.

The sodium salt of p-methylphenyl-penicillin prepared according to the above procedure assayed about 2285 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph. aureus, strain 209?. A differential assay carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L.

28-558 gave a value of about 0.73. Analysis showed the presence of 55.12 percent carbon, 5.43 percent hydrogen, 7.49 percent nitrogen and 8.56 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values of 55.12 percent carbon, 5.17 percent hydrogen, 7.56.5

percent nitrogen and 8.66 percent sulfur.

Example 9 The sodium salt of p-methylphenyl-penlcillin 7 may also be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium is prepared as shown in Example 8 except that in place of the 0.82 g. of N 2-hydroxyethyl) p-methylphenylacetamide there is employed 2.5 g. of p-methylphenethylamine.- The sterile culture medium is placed in' a 5 gallon bottle inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain X1612. The growth of the mold and the isolation and purification of p-methylphenyl-penicillin are carried out according to the procedure described in Example 8.

The sodium salt of p-methylphenyl-penicillin thus obtained is identical with that obtained by the procedure described in Example 8.

Example 10 The sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl-penicillin represented by the formula may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

. The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. [portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer, flasks, sterilized,

78 portions of absolute acetone. The salt is redis- I stantly for five days. The flask contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium, the filtrate cooled to about 0 C.,acidifled to about pH 2.2

with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with about 60 percent of its volumeof amyl acetate. 1

The amyl acetate layer is separated and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/10 sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1 to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, and are passed through a" chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 35 mm. in diameter and 300 mm. long and which contains a pH 6.2-phosphate buffer. The silica column is developed by percolation with six 100 cc.

portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1,-

1 /2, :2, 2 A; and 3 percent.

The developed silica column is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30cc. portions of M/15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically --to determine their penicillin content. About 38 percent of the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates in a single band in the silica column and results from the presence of p-nitrophenyl-penicillin. This band occupies a position just above that in which penicillin F is found in comparable columns. The eluates obtained from the silica gel sections which make up this uniform band are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with 'orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three shows that 100 percent of the total antibiotic activity originates in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silica column sections which comprise this band are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted with about cc. of cold water to which N/ 10 sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase. From-this aqueous solution the sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl-penicillin may be separated by any suitable means, for example, by fiezzing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen s a e.

The dry amorphous sodium salt of p.-nitrophenyl-penicillin is treated with 2- cc. of absolute acetone in which it almost completely dissolves, but from which it precipitates in crystalline form upon standing about two hours. The mixture is centrifuged and the solid washed with several The flasks are maintained at a solved in 1.6 cc, of 90 percent aqueous acetone 7 and reprecipitated by the addition of 6 cc. of absolute acetone. A further recrystallization is effected by solution of the salt in 0.3 cc. of 90 percent acetone followed by the addition of a total of 3 cc. of absolute acetone added in portions over a period of about four hours.

The sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl-pemcillin prepared according to the above procedure as- Example 11 The sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl-penicillin may also be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium is prepared as shown in Example 10 except that in place of the 1.05 g. of N- p-nitrophenyl-acetylvaline there is employed 1.05 g. of N-p-nitrophenyl-acetylisoleucine. The culture medium may then be treated substantially according to the procedure described in Example 10, and the penicillin produced in the culture medium may be isolated by the procedure substantially as described in Example 10.

The sodium salt of p-nitrophenyl-penicillin thus prepared is identical to p-nitrophenyl-penicillin sodium salt prepared according to the procedure described in Example 10.

Example The sodium salt of p-fluorophenyl-penicillin represented by the formula FQ-OwHnNmsNB may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose 8-- 125 Corn steep solids g-- 100 Calcium carbonate ..g 10 N-(Z-hydroxylethyl) p-fluorophenylacetamide eV 0.72 Water 5,000

filtrate cooled to about C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphric acid and extracted with an equal volume of amyl acetate. The amyl acetate layer is separated and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of cold water to which cold N/ sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1 to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 0., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, and are passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and 300 mm. long and containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. The silica column is devel- 16 oped by percolation with six 100 cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of A, 1, 1%, 2, 2V; and 3 percent.

The developed silica solumn is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/ 15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically to determine their penicillin content. Practically all of the total antibiotic activity possessed by all the eluates originates in a single band in the silica column and arises from the presence of p-fiuorophenyl penicillin. The eluates obtained from the silica gel sections which make up this uniform band are combined, cooled to about'0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three cc. portions of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts are passed through a silica adsorption column containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. This silica gel column is developed by percolation with three 100 cc. portions of chloroform containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/ 15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay of the eluates shows that almost 100 percent of the total antibiotic activity originates in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silica column sections which comprise this band are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted with about 75 cc. of a cold dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to which N/ 10 sodium hydroxide solution is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase. From this aqueous solution the sodium salt of p-fluorophenyl-penicillin may be separated by any suitable means, for

example by freezing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen state.

The resulting dry sodium salt of p-fluorophen yl-penicillin is washed with several portions of anhydrous acetone. It may be crystallized by dissolving it in 0.4 cc. of percent aqueous acetone followed by the addition of 1.5 cc. of anhydrous acetone.

The sodium salt of -p-fluorophenyl-penicillin assayed about 1770 Oxford units per mg. when tested. against Staph. aureus, strain 209?. A difierential assay when carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 2091, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 0.89. Analysis of a sample of p-fluorophenyl-penicillin showed the presence of 51.27 percent carbon, 4.15 percent hydrogen, 7.49 percent nitrogen and 8.43 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values of 51.33 percent carbon, 4.31 percent hydrogen, 7.47 percent nitrogen and 8.56 percent sulfur.

Example 13 The sodium salt 01.- p-fluorophenyl-penicillin may also be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose 2' Corn steep solids g Calcium carbonate g 25 p-Fluorophenethylamine g.... 2.0 Water cc 5,000

Example 12.

' Corn steep solids-- ....g

passed through the air inlet tube. The mold mycelium is then removed from the aqueous culture medium by filtration. The desired p-fluorophenyl-penicillin may be isolated and purified by substantially the same procedure as described in Example 12.

The sodium salt of p-fluorophenyl-penicillin thus prepared is identical with p-fluorophenylpenicillin sodium salt prepared according-to the procedure described in Example 12;

Example 14 g The sodium salt of o-fluorophenyl-peniclllin represented by the formula v may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared-in the following proportions:

Lactose g 125 Corn steep solids g 100 Calcium carbonate g N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) o fiuorophenylacetamide g 0.78 Water or 5,000

The sterile culture medium is inoculated with mold spores and subsequent mold growth and isolation of o-fluorophenyl-penicillin iseflected by substantially the same procedure as described in The dry amorphous sodium salt of o-fluorophenyl-penicillin is recrystallized by solution in 1% cc. of 90 percent aqueous acetone followed by the addition of 2%; cc. of absolute acetone which is added slowly and with shaking. Recrystallization may be effected by dissolving the penicillin in 90 percent aqueous acetone and precipitation with absolute acetone.

A sample of the sodium salt'of o-fiuorophenylpenicillin was found to possess a value of about 1340 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph. aureus, strain 209?. A differential assay carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 1.1. Analysis showed the presence of 51.93 percent carbon, 4.59 percent hydrogen, 7.81 percent nitrogen and 8.09 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values "of 51.33 percent carbon, 4.29 percent hydrogen,

7.49 percent nitrogen, and 8.56 percent sulfur.

Example The sodium salt of m-fiuorophenyl-penicillin V represented by the formula may be prepared in the following manner:

lowing proportions:

Lactose 18 Calcium carbonate -.-..--g 10 N-(2 hydroxyethyl) -m-fiuorophenylacetamide g 0.78 Water 5,000

The sterile culture medium is inoculated with mold spores, and subsequent mold growth and isolation of m-fiuorophenyl-penicillin is effected by substantially the same procedure as described in Example 12.'

The dry amorphous sodium salt of m-fluorophenyl-penicillin may be recrystallized and purifled by solution in 90 percent aqueous acetone followed by precipitation with absolute acetone.

A sample of the sodium salt of m-fluorophenylpenicillin was found to possess a value of about 2340 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph. aureus, strain 209P. A differential assay carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 0.76. Analysis showed the presence of 51.47 percent carbon, 4.19 percent hydrogen, 7.61 percent nitrogen and 8.21 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values of 51.33 percent carbon, 4.31 percent hydrogen, 7.49 percent nitrogen and 8.56 percent sulfur.

Example 16 The sodium salt of p-bromophenyl-penicillin represented by the formula BIQCmHnNrOaSNa may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the fol- The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks. sterilized,

.' inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium portions of cold water to which cold ,N/ 10 sodium bicarbonate solution is added during the course of each extraction until a pH of about 7.1, to 7.3 is attained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous extracts are combined, cooled to about 0 C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and are passed through a chromatographic type silica adsorption column about 30 mm. in diameter and 300 mm. long and containing a pH 6.2 phosphate buffer. The silica column is developed by percolation with six 100 cc. portions of ether containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of A, 1, 1%, 2, 2 /2 and 3 percent.

The developed silica column is divided into about 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of M/ 15 phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. The eluates are assayed bacteriologically to determine their penicillin content. percent of the total antibiotic activity pos-' passed through a silica adsorption column similar to that used before. This silica gel column is developed by percolation with three 100 cc. portions of chloroform containing successively increasing amounts of methanol in the order of 1, 2 and 3 percent. The developed silica column is then divided into 12 equal sections and each section is eluted with three 30 cc. portions of 14/15 phosphate buiIer of pH 7.0. Bacteriological assay of the eluates shows that about 100 percent of the total antibiotic activity originates in a single band in the silica column. The eluates obtained by extraction of the silica column sections which comprise this band are combined, cooled to about C., acidified to about pH 2.2 with orthophosphoric acid and extracted with three 100 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined and extracted with about 75 cc.- of a cold dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to which N/ sodium hydroxide solution is added during the course of the extraction so that a final pH of about 7.0 is obtained in the aqueous phase. From this aqueous solution the sodium salt of p-bromophenyl-penicillin may be separated by any suitable means, for example, by freezing and evaporation in vacuo from the frozen state.

The dry sodium salt of p-bromophenyl-penicillin is treated with 2 cc. of absolute acetone from which the crystalline salt separates after standing for about one hour. The salt may be recrystallized by treatment of a solution of the salt in 90 percent aqueous acetone with an excess of absolute acetone.

The sodium salt of p-bromophenyl-penicillin assayed about 2460 Oxford units per me. when tested against Staph. oureus, strain 2091. A di!- 1 ferential assay carried out on Staph. aureus,

strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L.

3-558, gave a value of about 0.65. Analysis showed the presence of 44.36 percent carbon, 3.93 percent hydrogen, 6.55 percent nitrogen and 16.91 percent bromine as compared with the calculated values of 44.14 percent carbon, 3.71 percent hydrogen, 6.05 percent nitrogen and 17.25 percent bromine.

' Example 17 The sodium salt of p-bromophenyl-penicillin Y may also be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

Lactose g-.. 125 Corn steep solids g 150 Calcium carbonate -g..- 25 p-p-Bromophenethanol ..-g-- 1.0 Water or 5,000

20 Example 18 The sodium salt of phenoxy-penicillin represented by the formula may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the fol- The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized, inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain N. R. R. L. 1976, and stoppered with cotton plugs. Growth of the mold and isolation of the sodium salt of the phenoxy-penicillin may be efiected by the procedure described in Example 1.

The sodium salt thus obtained is purified by dissolving it in 2 cc. of absolute acetone from which upon standing it separates in crystalline form. It is separated by centrifugation and washed with small portions of absolute acetone. It is then dissolved in about 3 cc. of percent aqueous acetone, the solution filtered and 4 cc. of absolute acetone added to the filtrate whereupon the pure crystalline material separates. The salt is recrystallized by dissolving it in about 3 cc. of 85 percent aqueous acetone followed by the addition of about 7 cc. of absolute acetone.

The sodium salt of phenoxy-penlcillin assayed about 1660 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph. aureus, strain 209P. A differential assay when carried out on Staph. aureus, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. B- 558, gave a value of about 0.87. Analysis showed thepresence of 51.17 percent carbon, 4.49 percent hydrogen, 7.59 percent nitrogen and 8.50 percent sulfur as compared with the calculated values of 51.34 percent carbon, 4.60 percent hydrogen, 7.55 percent nitrogen and 8.61 percent sulfur.

Example 19 The sodium salt of phenoxy-penicillin may also be prepared as follows:

The culture medium as described in Example 18 is inoculated with Penicillium mold, strain x1612, and growth of the mold is effected in a five gallon bottle equipp d with a stirrer and an air inlet tube fitted with an air filter as described in Example 8. The isolation and purification is efiected according to the procedure described in Example 18.

The sodium salt of phenoxy-penicillin thus prepared is identical with phenoxy-peniclllin sodium salt prepared according to the procedure described in Example 18.

Example 20 The sodium salt of p-iodophenyl-penicillin represented by the formula IQ-CroHnNaOrSNa may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in as following proportions:

The culture medium is distributedin 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized, inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain X1612, and stoppered with cotton plugs. The flasks are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and shaken constantly for five days. The flasks contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium. The p-iodophenyl-penicillin present in the filtrate may be isolated according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The dry amorphous sodium salt of p-iodophenyl-penlcillin obtained by evaporation of the aqueous solution of the sodium salt from the frozen state assayed about 2770 Oxford units per milligram when tested. against Staph. aureus, strain 2091. A diiierential assay carried out on Staph. aureus. strain 209?, and B. Subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. B458, gave a value of about 0.67.

Example 21 The sodium salt of p-tolyimercapto-penicillin represented by the formula Y may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

The culture medium is distributed in 100 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized; inoculated with a spore suspension or Penicillium mold, strain X1612, and stoppered with cotton plugs. The flasks are maintained at a temperature of about 23-26 C. and shaken constantly for five days. The flasks contents are then filtered to remove the mold mycelium. The-p-tolylmercapto-penicillin present in the filtrate may be isolated according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The dry amorphous sodium salt of p-tolylmercapto-penicillin' obtained by evaporation of the aqueous solution of the sodium salt from a frozen state is dissolved in .1.5 cc. of absolute acetone and the solution filtered to remove inorganic material. Upon' addition of an excess of anhydrous ether to the filtrate, the sodium salt of p-tolylmercapto-penicillin is precipitated as an oil. The oil is treated with an equal vol-' ume of absolute acetone and allowed to stand in the refrigerator for about 12 hours. It is then transferred to a crystallizing dish and placed in a vacuum desiccator. After standing for some hours the salt crystallizes. The solid material is treated with 1 cc. of absolute acetone from which, upon standing at room temperature and with occasional scratching with a glass rod, the sodium salt separates in crystalline form.

The sodium salt of p-tolylmercapto-penicillin thus obtained assayed about 1285 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph.

aureous, strain 209P. A differential assay carried out on Staph. aureous, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 0.83.

Example 22 The sodium salt of cyclohexyl-penicillin represented by the formula CUP-CH1 may be prepared in the following manner:

A culture medium may be prepared in the following proportions:

The culture medium is distributed in 200 cc. portions in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks, sterilized,

- inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicillium mold, strain N. R. R. L. 1976, and stoppered with cotton plugs. The growth of the mold and isolation of the cyclohexyl-penicillin as the sodium salt are carried out according to the procedure described in Example 1.

The sodium salt of cyclohexyl-penicillin thus obtained is crystallized and purified by dissolving it in 2 cc. of absolute acetone from which upon standing it separates in crystalline form. The crystalline sodium salt is isolated by cen trifugation and washed with small portions of anhydrous acetone. It is dissolved in about 0.5 cc. of 92 per cent aqueous acetone, the solution is filtered and the filtrate is treated with 5 cc. of absolute acetone whereupon thecrystalline sodium salt of cyclohexyl-penicillin precipitates. The sodium salt of cyclohexyl-penicillin prepared according" to the'above procedure assayed about 1700 Oxford units per milligram when tested against Staph. aureous, strain 209P. A diiferential assay carried out on Staph, aureous, strain 209P, and B. subtilis, strain N. R. R. L. 3-558, gave a value of about 0.79.

Other examples of new penicillins produced substantially in accordance with the procedure described in the preceding examples are tabulated below together with the precursor compound used in the production of the penicillin and the differential assay value of the penicillin produced.

Penicillin Precursor Compound Assay Value 3 4-dichlorophenylleillin N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)3,4-dichlorophen lacetamidei. 0.54

o bromophenyl-pmtcillimn; N-z-hydroxyethyl)-o-bromophenyl-agetsmlde 0.62

6,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthylpenicillin---.,-- v Nhfi'hydroxyethy1)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-na phth ylaceta- 0.73

Additional examples of new penicillins which may be produced in accordance with this invention are set forth below, together with the precursor compounds used in their production.

mixture is dissolved in about 50 cc. of ether-petroleum ether mixture and the solution is partially evaporated to yield crystals of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -p methoxyphenylacetamide. The

Penicillin Precursor Compound ethylmercapto-penicillln...... m-methoxyphenyl-peniclllinpmethoxyphenoxy-penicillin m-trlfluoromethyl henyifienicillin p-bcnzyloxypheny ni lin.-. B-naphthoxyncill 6-iluoro-2-nap thyl-penicillin-.- 6-bromo-2-na hthyl-peniclllm-. 2,4-dichlorop enyl-penicillin p-pbenylmeroaptophenyl-penicilhn fl-naphthylmercaptomcillin pallyloxyphenyl-pen cillin.. p-methylphenoxy-penlcillin. m-trifluoromethylphenoxv- 3,4-dimethylphenyl-genicill phenylmercaptomet 'yl-penicilhn m-hydroxyphenyl-pcnicrllin. p-aminophenyl-penieillin styryl-penicillm p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenyl-penicillm 2-cyclopentenyl-penicillin B-na hthgi-penlcillin o-ch orop enyl-peniclllin.. m-chlorophenyl-penicxllln. m-methylphenyl-penicillm p-chlorophenoxy-penici m-nitrophenyl-penicillln p-methylmermptophenyl-penielllin" m-bromofiheny penicillin 2,3-dimet oxyphenyl- 6-methoxy-2-naphthy -c n1 ci1lin 3,4-dibromophenyl-pen 3chioro-4-bromo henyhfienicillin p-phenoxypheny -penicl in.---.

p-cyanophenyl-peniciliin For the purposes of convenience the preparations of certain novel compounds useful in carrying out this invention are given below:

Preparation of N-(Z-hudrozyethyl) -piodophenulacetamide N (2 hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamid represented by the following formula o I @cmJt-nn-c 11.0 3,011

may be prepared in the following manner:

A mixture of 16 g. of methyl p-iodophenylacetate and 4.7 g. of ethanolamine are heated together at about 100 C. for about 12 hours. The reaction mixture is then dissolved in about 200 cc. of boiling ethyl acetate, treated with decolorizing carbon, filtered, and the filtrate evaporated to a volume of about 100 cc. Upon cooling the concentrated solution, preferably to a temperature below C., N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamide precipitates in crystalline form.

It is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.

N (2-hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamide Preparation of N-(Z-hudroxuethul) -pmethoxyphenylacetamide N (2 hydroxyethyl)-p-metho lyphenylacetamide represented by the following formula 0 cmo'Q-cmb-mr-cmcmon may be prepared in the following manner:

A mixture of 5.4 g. of methyl p-methoxyphenylacetate and 1.9 g. of ethanolamlne is heated at crystals are further purified by recrystallization from ethylene dichloride.

N (2 hydroxyethyl p-methoxyphenylacetamide thus prepared melts at about 86-88 C. Analysis showed the presence of 6.64 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.69 percent.

Preparation of N-(Z-hydroryethyl) thienfllacetamide N- (2-hydroxyethyl) --thienylacetamide resented by the following formula Hc---( :n 0' Hg .bcrn v-Nn-cmcmon repmay be prepared in'- the following manner:

A mixture of 7.34 s. of methyl a-thienylacetate and 3.1 g. of ethanolamine is heated at about C. for about 11 hours. The excess ethanolamine is then removed from the reaction mixture by heating the latter at about 90 C. under reduced pressure until all the ethanolamine'ls removed. N (2 hydroxyethyl-a-thienylacetamide is obtained in crystalline form upon prolonged standing at room temperature. I

N- (Z-hydroxyethyl) -&-thienylacetamide thus prepared meltedat about 66-67 C. Analysis showed the presence of 7.96 percent nitrogen as compared with the c lculated value of 7.58. percent.

Preparation of N-p-chlofophenylacetulvaline Q GELWEH OOH maybe prepared in the following manner:

p-Chlorophenylacetyl chloride is prepared by about C. for about 13 hours. The reaction 1 treating 8.5 g. of p-chlorophenylacetic acid with about 130 C. for about 12 hours.

15 cc. of thionyl chloride, allowin the mixture to stand at room temperature for about 12 hours and then removing the excess thionyl chloride in vacuo. The resulting p-chlorophenylacetyl chloride is dissolved in about 30 cc. of anhydrous ether and the solution added in small portions and with stirring to a solution of 6.5 g. of valine dissolved in 110 cc. of l N sodium hydroxide. Stirring is continued for two hours after which time the aqueous layer is separated from the supernatant ether layer, acidified and cooled to about C., whereupon N-p-chlorophenylacetylvaline is substantially completely precipitated. The N-p-chlorophenylacetylvaline is purified by recrystallization from aqueous alcohol.

Np-chlorophenylacetylvaline thus prepared melted at about 144-145" C. Analysis showed the presence of 5.0 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 5.19 percent.

Preparation of N-(Z-hydromyethyl) -ofluorophenylacetamide N (Z-hydroxyethyl) -o-fluorophenylacetamide represented by the following formula may be prepared in the following manner:

A mixture of 45 g. of ethyl o-fiuorophenylacetate and 15.5 cc. of ethanolamine is heated at The reaction mixture is dissolved in 150 cc. of hot ethylene dichloride. Upon cooling to about 0 C. N-2- (hydroxyethyl)-o-fluoropheny1acetamide separates in crystalline form.

N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) o-fiuorophenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 103-105 C. Analysis showed the presence of 7.09 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 7.10 percent.

Preparation of N-(2-hydrozyethyl) -mfluorophenylacetamide N (2 hydroxyethyl) m fluorophenylacetamide represented by the following formula u Q-cmonuncmcmon Prepara-ion of N-(Z-HydTOJZfUeihIJI) -pfluorophenylacetamide N (2-hydroxyethy1) -p-fluorophenylacetamide represented by the following formula may be prepared from methyl p-fluorophenylacetate and ethanolamine by substantially the same method as used in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -o-fluorophenylacetamide.

N (Z-hydroxyethi'l) -p-fiuoroph enylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 73-74 C. Analysis showed the presence of 7.03 percent nitrogen 26 as compared with the calculated value of 7.10 percent.

Preparation of N-(z-hydrozue thyl) -p-methylphenylacetamide N- (Z-hydroxyethyl) -p-methylphenylacetamide represented by the formula 0 moQ-omt-mr-cmomon valine N 'y (p bromophenyl) -butyrylva1ine represented by the following formula on. c H; a on mQ-cmcmomc-mr-{m coon may be prepared in the following manner:

7- (p-Bromophenyl) -butyryl chloride is prepared by reacting 23.5 g. of v-p-bromophenylbw. tyric acid with 30 cc. or thionyl chloride at room temperature for about 15 hours. The excess thionyl chloride is removed in vacuo. The residue comprising 7- (p-bromophenyl) -butyryl chloride, is dissolved in about cc. of ether and the solution is added in small portions and with stirring to a. solution of 12 g. of valine dissolved in 200 cc. of 1 N sodium hydroxide. Stirring is continued for two hours after which period of time the aqueous layer is separated from the supernatant ether layer, acidified and cooled to about 0 C.. whereupon N-y- (p-bromophenyl) -butyrylvaline is substantially completely precipitated. It is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of methyl acetate and petroleum ether.

N-v-(p-bromophenyl) -butyrylvaline thus prepared melted at about 134-135 C. Analysis showed the presence of 4.11 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 4.21 percent.

Preparation of N-p-nitrophenylacetylvaline N-p-nitrophenylacetylvaline represented by the following formula I CK CHI r omG-cmc-mr-en coon with the calculated value of 10.0 percent nitrogen.

ems"

27 Preparation of N-p-nitrophenulacetyliroleucinc N p nitrophenylacetylisoleucine represented by the following iormula I on. can

v c OiNOHali-NH-JJH may be prepared in the following manner:

g. of p-nitrophenylacetyl chloride is dissolved in about 20 cc. oi ether and the solution added to a solution of 8 g. of isoleucine dissolved in about 60 cc. of 6 N sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is shaken for about 10 minutes and cooled to below 10 C. The aqueous layer is separated frcm the ether layer and acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid whereupon substantially all of the N-p-nitrophenylacetylisoleucine precipitates. It is purified by recrystallization from alcohol.

N-p-nitrophenylacetylisoleucine thus prepared melted at about 113-115 (2. Analysis showed the presence of 9.65 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 9.65 percent nitrogen.

N-(z-hydroxyethyl)-phenoxyacetamide represented by the following formula may be prepared in the following manner:

Methyl phenoxyacetate is prepared by esteriiication of phenoxyacetic acid with methyl alcohol and sulfuric acid. 4.65 g. of the methyl phenoxyacetate and 1.53 g. of ethanolamine are heated at 150 C. for about two hours. Excess ethanolamine is then removed by subjecting the reaction mixture to a vacuum while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture at about 150 C. Upon cooling the residue comprising N- (2- hydroxyethyl) -phenoxyacetamide crystallizes. It is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.

. N (2 hydroxyethyl) -phenoxyacetamide thus prepared melted at about -48 C. Analysis showed the presence of 7.15 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.91 percent.

Preparation of N-allylp-chloropropionamide N-allyl-p-cfiloropropionamlde represented by the formula may be prepared by reacting 28 g. of fl-cholopropionyl chloride and 12.8 g. of allylamine according to the procedure described in the preparation 01' N-p-nitrophenylacetylvaline. N-allyl-pchloropropionamide thus prepared melted at about 39-40 C. Analysis showed the presence of 48.98 percent carbon, 6.67 percent hydrogen and 9.14 percent carbon as compared with the calculated values of 48.82 percent carbon, 6.83 percent hydrogen and 9.49percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-p-tolylmercaptoacetylvaline N-p-tolylmercaptoacetylvaline represented by OOH may beprepared as follows:

p-Tolylmercaptoacetic acid is prepared by heating a solution of 59 g. of p-thiocresol, cc. of 12.5'N sodium hydroxide solution. 50.3 g. of chloroacetic acid and 1 liter of water for two hours at Bil-90 C. The reaction mixture is then cooled and acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid whereupon the p-tolylmercaptoacetic acid is precipitated. It is purified by recrystallizing it from a mixture of ether and petroleum ether. p- Tolylmercaptoacetic acidthus prepared melted at about -86 C. Analysis showed the presence of 59.20 percent carbon and 5.19 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 59.31 percent carbon and 5.53 percent hydrogen.

3.64 g. o! p-tolylmercaptoacetic acid is converted to the corresponding acid chloride by treatment with 20 cc. of thionyl chloride. The reaction mixture is maintained at room temperature for about 12 hours and the excess thionyl chloride is then removed in vacuo. The resulting p-tolylmercaptoacetyl chloride is converted to N-=p-=tolylmercaptoacetylvaline by reactinathe acid chloride with 3.5 g. of valine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N v-(p-bromophenyl) -butyrylvaline. The N-ptolylmercaptoacetylvaline is purified by recrys-' tallization from a mixture of ethanol, ether and petroleum ether. N-p-tolylmercaptoacetylvaline thus prepared melted at about 136-138 C. Analysis showed the presence of 4.95 percent nitrogen as compared with a calculated value of 4.97 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N (2'- hydroazlethyl) o-bromophenlacetamide N- (it-hydroxyethyl) -o bromophenylacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared by reacting 51:13.6: ethyl obromophenylacetate and 15 g. of ethanolamine according to the method described in the preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) p-methoxyphenylacetamide. N- (2 hydroxyethyl) -o-bromophenylacetamide thus prepared and recrystallized from ethylene dichloride melted at about 106-107 C. Analysis showed the presence of 5.51 percent nitrogenas compared with the calculated value or 5.43 percent nitrogen.

Preparatton'ol N-ethulmereaptoacetuloalme N-ethylmercaptoacetylvaline represented by Ethylthloglycolic acid chloride is prepared by reacting 12 g. of ethylthioglycolic acid with 25 cc. 0! thionyl chloride at room temperature for about 12 hours. The excess thionyl chloride is then removed in vacuo and the resulting ethyl- 'N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-3,4 dichlorophenylacetamide represented by the formula I ciQomd-rm-omcmon may be prepared as follows:

161 g. of 3,4-dichlorotoluene is heated to 150- 160 C. and 160 g. of bromine added slowly. The resulting 3,4-dichlorobenzyl bromide is mixed with 70 g. of potassium cyanide, 400 cc. of ethanol and 1000 cc. of water and the mixture refluxed with'stirring for about five hours. The alcohol is removed from the reaction mixture in vacuo and the oily layer of 3,4-dichiorobenzonitrile is separated and hydrolyzed by refluxing with a mixture of 400 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid and 300 cc. of water. The reaction mixture is cooled whereupon the 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid formed during the hydrolysis precipitates. The precipitate is dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution, the solution filtered and the filtrate acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid whereupon th 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid is precipitated. The acid is then esterifled by re- 'iluxing it with 600 cc. of absolute ethanol and 10 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid for about 4 hours. The bulk of the alcohol is removed in vacuo and the residue poured into cold water. The layer of ethyl 3,4-dichlorophenylacetate is separated and the ester purified by distillation in vacuo. Ethyl 3,4-dichlorophenylacetate thus prepared boiled at 112-115 C. at 0.2 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 51.78 percent carbon and 4.42 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 51.50 percent carbon and 4.32 percent hydrogen.

45 g. of ethyl 3,4-dichlorophenylacetate and 13 g. of ethanolamine are heated at about 125 C. for 15 hours. The reaction mixture is then heated in vacuo to remove the excess ethanolamine. The residue of N-(2'-hydroxyethyl) -3,4-dichlorophenylacetamide is recrystallized from ethylene dichloride. N-(2'-hydrox-yethyl) 3,4-dichlorophenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 113-114 C. Analysis showed th presence of 5.79 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value .of 5.64 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(2'-hydroxyeth;ul) -5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyZ-2-acetamide N-(2'-hydroxyethyl) 5,6,'7,8 tetrahydronaphthyl-z-acetamide represented by the formula may be prepared as follows:

To the reaction mixture is then added a mixture of 400 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 300 cc. of water and refluxing is continued for 15 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled, and extracted with ether. The ether extract is separated and is extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The extract of aqueous alkali is separated, acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid and cooled to about 0 C. whereupon 5,63,8- tetrahydro-2-naphthylacetic acid precipitates. The acid is separated and esterifled by refluxing it with 600 cc. of absolute ethanol and 10 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid for a period of about 5 hours. The bull: of the alcohol is then removed in vacuo and the residue is poured into cold water. The layer of ethyl 5,6,7,8-tctrahydroz-naphthylacetate is separated and the ester purified by distillation'in vacuo. Ethyl 5,8,7,8- tetrahydro 2 naphthylacetate thus prepared boiled at -143 C. at 0.5 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 76.84 percent carbon and 8.62'percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 77.03 percent carbon and 8.31 percent hydrogen.

23 g. of ethyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthylacetate and 8 g. of ethanolamine are reacted at 125-130 C. for about 15 hours.- The reaction mixture is then heated to about C. in vacuo to remove the excess ethanolamine and the residue comprising N-(2'-hydroxyethyl) -5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthylacetamide is purified by recrystallization from ethylene dichloride. N-(2'- hydroxyethyl) -5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2 naphthylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 88-90 C. Analysis showed the presence of 6.19 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.00 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N- (Z-hydroxyethyl) -m-meth0:ry-

phenylacetamide N- (2 hydroxyethyl) m methoxyphenylacetamide represented by the formula 0 @cmti-mpcmcmon may be prepared from 47 g. of ethyl m-methoxyphenylacetate and 16 g. of ethanolamine according to the method described in the preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) -p-methoxyphenylacetamide. N- 2-hydroxyethyi) -m -methoxyphenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 58-59 C. Analysis showed the presence of 6.68 percent nitrogen as compared with a calculated value of 6.69 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(z hydroryethyl) -m-triflu0romethylphenylacetamide N- (Z-hydroxyethyl) -m-trifluoromethylphenylacetamide represented by the formula cyanide and 800 cc. of water and which is maintained at a temperature of from 70 to 80 C. and

well agitated during the addition. The mixture is distilled with steam and the m-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile is separated from the aqueous distillate by extraction with ether. The ether extract is dried, the ether evaporated and the residue comprising m-trlfluoromethylbenzonitrlle is purified by distillation. m-Trifluorqmethylbenzonitrile thus prepared exhibited a boiling point of about 188-190" C. at atmospheric pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 8.05 percent nitrogen as compared with a calculated value of 8.19 percent nitrogen.

51.5 g.. of m-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile dissolved in 50 cc. of ether is added slowly to a. solution of methylmagnesium iodide prepared from 60 g. of methyl iodide and 9 g. of magnesium in 400 cc. of ether. The reaction mixture is stirred for about 3 hours and is poured into a mixture of 500 g. of ice and 100 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The ether layer is separated from the aqueous layer, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the ether evaporated. The residue comprising m-trifluoromethylacetophenone is purified by distillation. m-Trifluoromethylacetophenon thus prepared has a boiling point of about l98202 C. at atmospheric pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 57.20 percent carbon and 3.82 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 57.45 percent carbon and 3.75 percent hydrogen.

10 g. of m-trifiuoromethylacetophenone, 2 g. of sulfur and 5.3 g. of morpholine are mixed and the mixture heated at about 135 C. for 16 hours. 30 cc. of glacial acetic acid and 30 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid are then added to the reaction mixture and the mixture refluxed for about 7 hours. The acetic acid is partially removed in vacuo and the residue is poured into 500 cc. of water and the aqueous mixture extracted with three 300 cc. portions of ether. The ether extracts are combined, and further extracted with a solution of 10 g. of sodium carbonate in 150 cc. of water. The alkaline extract is acidified with hydrochloric acid whereupon mtrifluoromethylphenylacetic acid precipitates as an oil which crystallizes on standing. It is purified by recrystallization from petroleum ether. m-Trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 72-73 C. Analysis showed the presence of 53.10 percent carbon and 3.38 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 52.95 percent carbon and 3.45 percent hydrogen.

19.5 g. of m-trifiuoromethylphenylacetic acid are dissolved in 300 cc. of methanol containing cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid and the mixture is refluxed for about 5 hours. The bulk of the methanol is removed in vacuo and the residue poured into cold water. The oily layer of methyl trifluoromethylphenylacetate is separated from the aqueous layer and purified by vacuum distillation. Methyl trifluoromethylphenylacetate thus prepared boiled at about 103 C. at 12 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 55.68 percent carbon and 4.26 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 55.05 percent carbon and 4.16 percent hydrogen.

8.2 g. of methyl m-trifluoromethylphenylacetate and 2.5 g. of ethanolamine are mixed and the mixture is heated to about 100 C. for 20 hours. The heating is then continued for two hours longer during which period the reaction mixture is subjected to vacuum to remove the excess ethanolamine. Analysis of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) m-trifluoromethylphenylacetamide thus prepared percent hydrogen.

Preparation of lv-(r-hydroxyethyl) d-methm-Z-naphthylacztamtde N- (2'-hydroxycthyl) -8-methoxy- 2 -naphthylacetamide represented by the formula 0 CHaJL-NB-CHsCHeOH may be prepared in the following manner:

g. of semethoxy-2-acetonaphthone, 25.5 g. oisuliur and 87 g. of morpholine are heated at -140 C. for about 18 hours, and the excess morpholine is then removed in vacuo. The residue is treated with 250 cc. of-i-glacial acetic acid and 350 cc. oi concentrated hydrochloric acid and the mixture refluxed. for about 24 hours. The mixture is then reduced to about V4 01 its volume by evaporationin vacuo and the residue treated with about l'llte'r of water whereupon 8- methoxy 2 naphthylacetic acid precipitates. The S-methoxy-Z-naphthylacetic acid is separated by filtration and dissolved in a solution of 60 g. or sodium carbonate in .500 cc. of water.

The solution is treated with decolorizing carbon, is filtered and the filtrate acidified with hydrochloric acid whereupon a precipitate of G-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid is obtained and separated by filtration. The 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl acetic acid is dried and dissolved in about 1 liter oi ether, and the solution is treated with decolorizing carbon, filtered and the ether evaporated leaving the 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid as av crystalline residue. fi-Methoxy-z-naphthylacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 203- 205 C. Analysis showed the presence or 71.74 percent carbon and 5.07 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values 01' 72.20 percent carbon and 5.60 percent hydrogen.

32.5 g. of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid are dissolved in 500 cc. 01' methanol containing 5 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture is refluxed for about two hours and then evaporated to a small volume. The residue is diluted with water and the methyl d-methoxy-Z-naphthylacetate which separates as an oil is removed by extraction with ether. The ether extract is washed with dilute sodium carbonate solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the ether evaporated. The residue comprising methyl 6- methoxy-2-naphthylacetate is purified by vacuum distillation. Methyl 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetate thus prepared boiled at about 192-493 C. at 1 mm. pressure and melted at about 86 C. Analysis showed the presence of 72.72 percent carbon and 6.12 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 73.03 percent carbon and 6.13 percent hydrogen.

N (2'-hydroxyethyl) -6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetamlde is prepared by reacting 11.5 g. of methyl 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetate and 3.5 g. or ethanolamine according to the method used for the preparation of N-iz-hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamide.

N (Z-hydroxyethyl) -6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetamlde thus prepared melted at about C. Analysis showed the-presence. of 68.95 percent carbon and 6.85 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values or 69.04 percent carbon and 6.61 percent hydrogen.

4 33 Preparation of N-(2'-hydr0a:1/ethyl)-6-flu0ro-2- naphthylacetamide N-(2 hydroxyethyl) 6 fiuoro-2-naphthylacetamide represented by the formula CH1g- NH-CII:CIIOH may be prepared as follows: 7

78 g. of 2-methyl-S aminonaphthalene hydrochloride are mixed with 80 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 200 cc. of water. The mixture is cooled to about 5 C. and treated with stirring with a solution of 35 g. of sodium nitrite dissolved in 50 cc. of water. The resulting mixture is maintained at a temperature of about 5 C. for one half hour and there is then added thereto and with stirring about 130 g. of ice-cold 42 percent fluoroboric acid whereupon a precipitate of 2-methyl-6-naphthalene-diazonium fluoroborate is formed. The precipitate is removed by filtration and dried in a vacuum desiccator over sulfuric acid. The dried 2-ethyl-6-naphthalene-diazonium fluoroborate is placed in a distilling flask and heated locally with a small flame until a vigorous exothermic reaction results. After subsidence of the vigorous reaction, the reaction mixture is distilled in vacuum whereupon substantially pure 2-methyl-6-fluoronaphthalene is obtained. 2-methyl-6-fluoronaphthalene thus obtained melted at about 77 C. Analysis showed the presence of 82.53 percent carbon and 5.63 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 82.48 percent carbon and 5.66 percent hydrogen.

40 g. of 2-methyl-fi-fluoronaphthalene are heated to about 210 C., and during-illumination with a 100 watt lamp, 40 g. of bromine are added over a period of about 15 minutes. The reaction mixture comprising 2-bromomethyl 6 fluoronaphthalene is purified by distillation in vacuo. 2-bromomethyl 6 fiuoronaphthalene thus prepared boiled at,l25-130 C. at 2 mm. pressure and melted at about 53 C. Analysis showed the presence of 54.63 percent carbon and 3.15 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 55.26 percent carbon and 3.37 percent hydrogen.

48 g. of 2-bromomethy1-6--fiuoronaphthalene are added slowly to a hot solution of 30 g. of Dotassium cyanide dissolved in a mixture of 60 cc. of water and 200cc. of ethanol. The reaction mixture is refluxed for about four hours, 40 g. of potassium hydroxide are then added and refluxing is continued for five hours. The bulk of the alcohol is removed by evaporation in vacuo and 300 cc. of water are added to the residue. The resulting solution istreated with decolorizing carbon and filtered, and the filtrate acidified with hydrochloric acid whereupon 6-fiuoro-2-naphthylacetic acid separates in crystalline form. 6- fiuoro-2-naphthylacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 138-139 C. Analysis showed the presence of 70.68 percent carbon and 4.60 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 70.58 percent carbon and 4.44 percent hydrogen.

30 g. of 6-fluoro-2-naphthylacetic acid are dissolved in 300 cc. of methanol containing 10 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid and the mixture is refluxed for about hours. The bulk of the alcohol is then distilled from the reaction mixture and the residue diluted with cold waterwhereupon methyl G-fiuoro-Z-naphthylacetate separates as an oily layer. The methyl ester is extracted with ether, the ether solution dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the ether distilled. The residue comprising methyl 6-fluoro- 2-naphthylacetate is purified by vacuum distillation. Methyl 6-fluoro-2-naphthylacetate thus prepared boiled at 163-166 C. at 2 mm. pressure and melted at about 48-49" C. Analysis showed the presence of 71.35 percent carbon and 5.25 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 71.55 percent carbon and 5.08 percent hydrogen.

11 g. of methyl 6-fiuor0-2-naphthylacetate and 3.5 g. of ethanolamine are reacted according to the procedure described in the preparation of N- 2-hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamide.

N- (2 '-hydroxyethyl) -6-fiuoro-2-naphthylacetamide thus prepared me ted at about 145-146" C. Analysis showed the presence of 67.88 percent carbon and 5.60-percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 68.00 percent car bon and 5.71 percent hydrogen.

Preparation of N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-6-b10mo-2- naphthylocetamide N- (2 -hydroxyethyl) -6-bromo-2-naphthylacetamide represented by the formula 3 omc-Nn-cmcmon may be prepared in the following manner:

63 g. of 2-methyl-6-aminonaphthalene are added to a mixture of 700 g. of 48 percent hydro- I hours.

bromic acid andcc. of water. The mixture is cooled to below 5 C. and during stirring a solution of 50 g. of sodium nitrite dissolved in 100 cc. of water is added over a period of about four The reaction mixture is poured. slowly into a hot solution of g. of cuprous bromide dissolved in 800 cc. of 48 percent hydrobromic acid. The mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for about 12 hours and is then steam distilled whereupon 2-methyl-6-bromonaphthalene is obtained in the distillate wherefrom it is separated by filtration. 2-methyl-6- bromonaphthalene thus prepared melted at about 142 C. Analysis showed the presence of 59.75 percent carbon and 4.07 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 59.75 percent carbon and 4.10 percent hydrogen.

2-methyl-6-bromonaphthalene is converted to 2-bromomethyl-6-bromonaphthalene according to theprocedure described for the preparation of 2-bromomethyl-G-fluoronaphthalene. 2-b-romomethyl-6-bromonapthalene thus prepared melted at about 124-125 C. Analysis showed the presence of 44.08 percent carbon and 2.64 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values at 44.04 percent carbon and 2.69 percent hydrogen.

2-bromomethyl-6-bromonaphthalene is converted into 6-bromo-2-naphthylacetic acid according to the procedure described for the preparation of 6-fiuoro-2-naphthylacetic acid. 6-

bmmo-Z-naphthylacetic acid thus prepared melt ed at about -176 C. Analysis showed the presence of 54.45 percent carbon and- 3.30 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 54.36 percent carbon and 3.42 percent hydrogen.

' Methyl 6-bromo-2-naphthylacetate is prepared bromo-Z-naphthylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 167-168 C. Analysis showed the ,presence of 54.55 percent carbon and 4.58 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 54.56 percent carbon and 4.58 percent hydrogen.

Preparation of N-(Z-hydromye'thyD-m-tfifluoromethylphenmacetaniide N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) m trifluoromethylphenoxyacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared in the following manner:

19 g. of m-triiiuorome'thylphenol and 19 cc. of 12.5 N sodium hydrordde solution are treated with 11 g. of chloroacetic acid. The mixture is heated at about 80-100" C. for about three hours. The reaction mixture is then diluted with 400 cc. of water, acidified with'hydrochloric acid and the m-trifluoromethylphenoxyacetic acid which separates is extracted with ether. The ether extract is in turn extracted with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate solution is acldifled whereupon m-trifluoromethylphenoxyacetic acid is precipitated.

in solid form. m-Trifluoromethylphenoxyacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 92-93 C. Analysis showed the presence of 49.59 percent carbon and 3.26 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 49.10 percent carbon and 3.21 percent hydrogen.

m-Trifluoromethylphenoxyacetic acid is converted to methyl m-trifluoromethylphenoxyacetate according to the procedure described in the preparation of methyl G-fluoro-Z-naphthylacetate. Methyl m-trifluoromethylphenoxyacetate thus prepared boiled at about 101 C. at 3 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 51.01 percent carbon and 3.68 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 51.29 percent carbon and 3.87 percent hydrogen.

16.6 g. of methyl m-trifluoromethylphenoxyacetate and 5 g, of ethanolamine are treated according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-(2 hydroxyethyl) -p-iodophenylacetamide. N- (2 hydroxyethyl) m-triiiuoromethylphenoxyacetamide thus obtained melted at about 86 C. Analysis showed thepresence of 5.44 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 5.32 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(Z-hudroryethyl) .-p-

methzllflienoxyacetamide 0 cnQoomii-dmpomcmon may beprepared in the following manner:

Methyl p-methylphenoxyacetate is prepared from p-methylphenoxyacetic acid according to the procedure described for the preparation of methyl 6-fluoro-Z-naphthylacetate. Methyl pmethylphenoxyacetate thus prepared boiled at about 119 C. at 5 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 66.58 percent carbon and 6.85 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 86.65 percent carbon and 6.72 percent hydrogen.

10 g. of methyl p-methylphenoxyacetate are reacted with 3.5 g. of ethanolamine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) o fluorophenylacetamide. N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -p-methylphenoxyacetamide thus prepared melted at about 89-90 C. Analysis showed the presence of 6.77 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.70 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of u-o'ammmw -zcvclopentene-i -acetamide N-(2'-hydroxyethyl) 2 cyclopentene-i-acetamide represented by the formula 0 mccncmE-Nn-omcmon cfi may be prepared in the following manner:

15 g. of diethyl z-cyclopentenylmalonate, 15 g. of potassium hydroxide and 15 cc. of water are mixed and heated at about C. for five hours. The reaction mixture is cooled and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and the mixture extracted several times with ether. Evaporation of the ether leaves a residue of 2-cyclopentenylmalonic acid which is heated to about 160 C. whereupon decarboxylation occurs and 2-cyclopentene-I-acetlc acid is formed. The 2-cyclopentene-i-acetic acid is dissolved in ether and treated with an ethereal solution of diazomethane. The ethereal solution is then shaken with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, the ether solution separated and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the-ether leaves a residue of methyl z-cyclopentene-l-acetate.

10 g. of methyl Z-cyclopentene-l-acetate and 4.5 g. of ethanolamine are heated together at about C. for four hours. The excess ethanolamine is removed from the reaction mixture by heating the mixture to about 150 C. in a vacuum for about three hours. The residue comprising N- (2'-hydroxyethyl) -2-cyclopentene-1-acetamide 'may be purified by dissolving it in ethyl acetate and repreeipitating it by the addition of petroleum ether. N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2-cyclopenteneJ-acetamide thus prepared was obtained in the form'oi an oil. Analysis showed the presence of 8.7 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 8.3 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-allyl-stmlacetamide N-allyl-styrylacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared by reacting 18 g. of styrylacetyl chloride and 11.4 g. of ailylamine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-v- (p-bromophenyl) -butyrylvaline.

N-allyl-styrylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 615-83 0. Analysis showed the presv 37 (nice of 77.83 percent carbon, 7.58 percent hydrogen and 6.76 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated values of 77.58 percent carbon, 7.51 percent hydrogen and 6.96 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetylvaline N p carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetylvaline represented by the formula I 3 I c @moocoQomtt-mr-in of p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetic acid which forms is separated by filtration and purified by recrystallization from a mixture of ether and petroleum ether. p Carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 78-79 C. Analysis showed the presence of 58.90 percent carbon and 5.37 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 58.92 percent carbon and 5.32 percent hydrogen.

11.2 g. of p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetic acid and 10.4 g. of phosphorus pentachloride are mixed whereupon a vigorous reaction results. The reaction. mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for about hours and is then subjected to a vacuum to remove volatile material. The residue comprising p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetyl chloride is dissolved in 50 cc. of ether and is added simultaneously with 50 cc. of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of 6.43 g. of valine dissolved in 55 cc. of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction mixture is stirred for one hour, the ether layer is separated and discarded and the aqueous layer is acidified to a pH of about 4 whereupon a precipitate of N-p-carbethoxyhydroxy-phenylacetylvaline separates. The precipitate is separated by filtration and recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether. N-p-carbethoxyhydroxyphenylacetylvaline thus prepared melted at about 125127 C. Analysis showed the presence of 4.50 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 4.33 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) -p-naphthylacetamide N-(2-hydroxyethyl) p naphthylacetamide represted by the formula I CHrtP-NH-CHrCHzOH may be prepared by reacting 6.4 g. of ethyl flnaphthylacetate and 1.9 g. of ethanolamine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethy'l) -o-fiuorophenylacetamide.

N (2-hydroxyethyl) -p-naphthylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 125-127 C. Analysis showed the presence of 6.20 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.11 percent nitroge'n.

Preparation of N-o-chlorophenylacetylvaline N-o-chlorophenylacetylvaline represented by the formula. v

OH: on,

0 cu CHz N H-H 0| coon may be prepared by converting 8.5 g. of o-chlorophenylacetic acid to the corresponding acid chloride and reacting :the latter with valine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-p chlorophenylacetylvaline. N o chlorophenylacetylvaline thus prepared melted at about 122424 C. Analysis showed the presence of 4.80 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 5.19 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethyl)-m-chlorophenylacetamide N- (2-hydr0xyethyl) -m-chlorophenylacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared by reacting 58 g. of ethyl mchlorophenylacetate and 19 g. of ethanolamine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N- (Z-hydroxylethyl) -o-fiuorophenylacetarnide.

N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -m-chlorophenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 114-1l7 C. An alysis showed the presence of 6.54 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.55 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -m-methylphenylacetamide N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -m methylphenylacetamide represented by the formula cm t iuclacmon Preparation of N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) -p-a:enylacetamide N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -p-xenylacetamide represented by the formula 0 i ll -c mo-mr-omc men may be prepared as follows:

7 g. of p-xenylacetic acid are dissolved in 150 cc. of absolute ethanol containing 1 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The solution is refluxed for about 12 hours and the bulk of the alcohol is evaporated in vacuo. The residue comprising ethyl p-xenylacetate is treated with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the sulfuric O CH @cm -NH-bn o, coon may be prepared in the following manner:

9 g. of m-nitrophenylacetic acid are converted to the corresponding acid chloride by dissolving the m-nitrophenylacetic acid in 30 cc. of chloroform and adding thereto 10.4 g. of phosphorus pentachloride. The reaction mixture is allowed to stand for about 4 hours and the volatile material is removed by subjecting the reaction mixture to vacuum. The residue comprising m-nitrophenylacetyl chloride is reacted with 6.0 g. of valine according to the procedure used in the preparation of N- -(p-bromophenyl) -butyry1- valine. N-m-nitrophenylacetylvaline thus prepared melted at about 153-158" 0. Analysis showed the presence of 10.10 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 10.00 percent nitrogen. I

Preparation of N-(Z-hydromyethyl) -p-methylmercaptopheaylacetamide N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -p-methylmercaptophenylacetamide represented by the formula and hydrochloric acid. The carbon bisulflde isdistilled from the reaction mixture and the aqueous residue is extracted with ether. The ether extract is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated leaving a solid residue of p-methylmercaptoacetophenone which is purified by recrystallization from a mixture of ether and petroleum ether. p-Methylmercaptoacetophe- Analysis showed the pres-- none thus prepared melted at about 72-75 C.

Analysis showed the presence of 65.06 percent carbon and 5.96 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 65.02 percent carbon and 6.06 percent hydrogen.

49.8 g. of p-methylmercaptoacetophenone are converted to p-methylmercaptophenylacetic acid according to the procedure described for the conversion of 2-acetotetralin to 5,6,7,6-tetrahydro-2- naphthylacetic acid. p-Methylmercaptophenylacetic acid thus prepared melted at about 93-94 C. Analysis'showed the presence of 59.71 percent carbon and 5.25 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 59.31 percent carbon and 5.53 percent hydrogen.

p-Methylmercaptophenylacetic acid is convert- I ed to the corresponding methyl ester by refluxing a solution of p-methylmercaptophenylacetic acid in methanol saturated with dry hydrogen chloride gas. The bulk of the alcohol is distilled from the reactive mixture and the residue poured into cold water. The oily layer of methyl p-methylmercaptophenylacetate which forms is separated and purified by distillation. Methyl p-methylmercaptophenylacetate thus prepared boiled at about 179-181 C. at 3 mm. pressure. Analysis showed the presence of 80.76 percent carbon and 6.13 percent hydrogen as compared with the calculated values of 61.19 percent carbon and 6.16 percent hydrogen.

18 g. or methyl p-methylmercaptophenylacetate and 6.5 g. of ethanolamine are reacted according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -o-fluorophenylacetamide. N-(Z-hydroxyethyl) p-methylmercaptophenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 115-117 0. Analysis showed the presence of 6.30 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 6.30 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(2-hydro.rz ethyl) m bromophenz/lacetamide N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -m-bromophenylacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared by reacting 37 g. of ethyl mbromophenylacetate and 11 g. of ethanolamine according to the procedure described in the preparation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) o fluorophenylacetamide.

N- (Z-hydroxyethyl) -m-bromophenylacetamide thus prepared melted at about 129-130 C. Analysis showed the presence of 5.37 percent nitrogen as compared with the calculated value of 5.43 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N-(2'-hydro:ryethyl) -2,3-dimethomyphenylacetamide N (2'-hydroxyethyl) 2,3 dimethoxyphenylacetamide represented by the formula 0 l @cmd-mnomcmon trogen as compared with the calculated value of 5.85 percent nitrogen.

Preparation of N (Z-hydroxuethyl) -p-pheno:ry-

' phenylacetamide N (2-hydroxyethyl) p phenoxyphenylacetamide represented by the formula may be prepared in the following manner:

60 g. of p-phenoxyacetophenone, 13 g. of sulfur and 40 g. of morpholine are mixed and refluxed overnight. To the reaction mixture is added a solution of g. of potassium hydroxide dissolved 75. in 75 cc. of water and 600 cc. of ethanol, and the 

